LIXIVIAÇÃO BACTERIANA DE SUCATA ELETRÔNICA: INFLUÊNCIA DOS PARÂMETROS DE PROCESSO
BACTERIAL LEACHING OF ELECTRONIC SCRAP: INFLUENCE OF PROCESS PARAMETERS
Yamane, Luciana Harue; Espinosa, Denise Crocce R.; Tenório, Jorge Alberto S.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/tmm.2013.007
Tecnol. Metal. Mater. Min., vol.10, n1, p.50-56, 2013
Resumo
A aplicação de lixiviação bacteriana no tratamento de minérios já é conhecida e pode também ser aplicada no tratamento de resíduos eletrônicos para a recuperação de cobre. Este trabalho investiga a influência dos parâmetros de processo (densidade de polpa, volume de inóculo, velocidade de rotação e concentração inicial de íon ferroso) na lixiviação bacteriana de cobre de placas de circuito impresso de computadores usando a bactéria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans–LR. Placas de circuito impresso de computadores foram trituradas em moinho martelo, o pó obtido foi separado magnéticamente e o material não-magnético foi utilizado neste estudo. Foi realizado um estudo de frascos agitados com o material não-magnético utilizando um shaker. Os resultados mostram que a Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans–LR pode lixiviar 99% de cobre da placa de circuito impresso (material não magnético), sob as condições determinadas por meio dos estudos.
Palavras-chave
Lixiviação bacteriana, Sucata eletrônica, Cobre, Placas de circuito impresso
Abstract
The application of bacterial leaching in the ore treatment is already known and also can be applied such as treatment of electronic waste to copper recovery. This paper investigates the influence of process parameters (pulp density, inoculums volume, rotation speed and initial concentration of ferrous iron) on bacterial leaching of copper from printed circuit board of computers using the bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans–LR. Printed circuit boards from computers were comminuted using a hammer mill. The powder obtained was magnetically separated and the non-magnetic material used in this study. A shake flask study was carried out on the non-magnetic material using a shaker. The results show that Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans–LR can leach 99% of copper from printed circuit boards (non–magnetic material) under the determined conditions through of the studies.
Keywords
Bacterial leaching, Electronic waste, Copper, Printed circuit boards
Referências
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13 LYNN, N. S. The bioleaching and processing of refractory gold ore: overview. Journal of Minerals, Metals and Materials, v. 49, n. 4, p. 24–26, Apr. 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02914870
14 GARCIA JUNIOR, O. Isolation and purification of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans from some coal and uranium mines of Brazil. Revista de Microbiologia, v. 20, p. 1–6, 1991.
15 TUOVINEN, O. H.; KELLY, D. P. Studies on the growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans: use of membrane filters and ferrous iron agar to determine viable number and comparison CO2 fixation and iron oxidation as measures of growth. Archives of Microbiology, v. 88, n. 1, p. 285–298, Mar. 1973.
16 MOUSAVI, S. M. et al. Influence of process variables on biooxidation of ferrous sulfate by an indigenous Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Part I: flask experiments. Fuel, v. 85, n. 17–18, p. 2555–2560, Dec. 2006. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.05.020
17 NEMATI, M. et al. Biological oxidation of ferrous sulfate by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans: a review on the kinetic aspects. Biochemical Engineering Journal, v. 1, n. 3, p. 171–190, Jun. 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1369–703X(98)00006–0
18 ILYAS, S. et al. Bioleaching of metals from electronic scrap by moderately thermophilic acidophilic bacteria. Hydrometallurgy, v. 88, n. 1–4, p.180–188, Ago. 2007.
19 YANG, T. et al. Factors influencing bioleaching copper from waste printed circuit boards by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Hydrometallurgy, v. 97, n. 1–2, p. 29–32, Jun. 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.12.011
20 BRANDL, H., BOSSHARD, R.; WEGMANN, M. Computer–munching microbes: metal leaching from electronic scrap by bacteria and fungi. Hydrometallurgy, v. 59, n. 2–3, p. 319–326, Feb. 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304– 386X(00)00188–2
21 WANG, J. et al. Bioleaching of metals from printed wire boards by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and their mixture. Journal of Hazardous Materials, v. 172, n. 2–3, p. 1100–1105, Dec. 2009. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.102
22 VOGEL, A.I. Química analítica qualitativa. 5. ed. São Paulo: Mestre Jou, 1981. 23 BARRETT, J. et al. Metal extraction by bacterial oxidation of minerals. New York: Ellis Horwood, 1993.
24 GAYLARDE, C. Bioextraction and biodeterioration of metals. Cambridge: University Press, 1995.
25 BOSECKER, K. Bioleaching: metal solubilization by microorganisms IEMS. Microbiology Reviews, v. 20, n. 3–4, p. 591–604, Jul. 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2011.03.025
26 LEWIS, G. et al. Bio hydrometallurgical recovery of metals from fine shredder residues. Minerals Engineering, v. 24, n. 11, p.1166–1171, Sep. 2011.
27 CHOI, M.–S. et al. Microbial recovery of copper from printed circuit boards of waste computer by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A – Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental, v. 39, n. 11, p. 1–10, Ago. 2004.
28 XIANG, Y. et al. Bioleaching of copper from waste printed circuit boards by bacterial consortium enriched from acid mine drainage. Journal of Hazardous Materials, v. 184, n. 1–3, p. 812–818, Dec. 2010. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.08.113
2 CUI, J.; FORSSBERG, E. Mechanical recycling of waste electric and electronic equipment: a review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, v. 99, n. 3, p. 243–263, May, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304–3894(03)00061–X
3 CUI, J.; ZHANG, L. Metallurgical Recovery of metals from electronic waste: a review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, v. 158, n. 2–3, p. 228–256, Oct. 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.001
4 VEIT, H. M. Reciclagem de cobre de sucatas de placa de circuito impresso. 2005. 101p. Tese (Doutorado) – Departamento de Engenharia de Minas, Metalurgia e de Materiais da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2005.
5 BERTUOL, D. A. et al. Resíduos urbanos tecnológicos: desafios e tendências. Revista Metalurgia e Metais, v. 61, n. 554, p.167–170, mar. 2005.
6 KELLEY, E. J. Introduction to base materials. In: COOMBS JUNIOR, C. F. (Ed.). Printed circuits handbook. 6. ed. New York: McGraw–Hill Handbooks, 2008. p. 6.3–6.24.
7 PIROPO, B. Computadores XIV: circuitos impressos integrados. Disponível em:
8 GUO, J., GUO, J.; XU, Z. Recycling of Non–metallic fractions from waste printed boards: a review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, v.168, n. 2–3, p. 567–590, Sep. 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.104
9 VALDÍVIA, D. N. U. Lixiviação bacteriana de minérios refratários de ouro. 2003. 120 p.Tese (Doutorado) − Departamento de Engenharia Mineral, Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2003.
10 BEVILAQUA, D. et al. Oxidation of chalcopyrite by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans in shake flasks. Process Biochemistry, v. 38, n. 4, p. 587–592, Dec. 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032– 9592(02)00169–3
11 GARCIA JUNIOR, O. Utilização de microorganismos em processos bio–hidrometalúrgicos. In: ENCONTROS DE METALURGIA, MINERAÇÃO E MATERIAIS DA UFMG, 1./2., 1995, Belo Horizonte. Anais... Belo Horizonte: [s.n.], 1995.
12 GARCIA JUNIOR, O. Estudos da biolixiviação de minérios de urânio por Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. 1989. 261 p. Tese (Doutorado) − Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 1989.
13 LYNN, N. S. The bioleaching and processing of refractory gold ore: overview. Journal of Minerals, Metals and Materials, v. 49, n. 4, p. 24–26, Apr. 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02914870
14 GARCIA JUNIOR, O. Isolation and purification of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans from some coal and uranium mines of Brazil. Revista de Microbiologia, v. 20, p. 1–6, 1991.
15 TUOVINEN, O. H.; KELLY, D. P. Studies on the growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans: use of membrane filters and ferrous iron agar to determine viable number and comparison CO2 fixation and iron oxidation as measures of growth. Archives of Microbiology, v. 88, n. 1, p. 285–298, Mar. 1973.
16 MOUSAVI, S. M. et al. Influence of process variables on biooxidation of ferrous sulfate by an indigenous Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Part I: flask experiments. Fuel, v. 85, n. 17–18, p. 2555–2560, Dec. 2006. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.05.020
17 NEMATI, M. et al. Biological oxidation of ferrous sulfate by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans: a review on the kinetic aspects. Biochemical Engineering Journal, v. 1, n. 3, p. 171–190, Jun. 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1369–703X(98)00006–0
18 ILYAS, S. et al. Bioleaching of metals from electronic scrap by moderately thermophilic acidophilic bacteria. Hydrometallurgy, v. 88, n. 1–4, p.180–188, Ago. 2007.
19 YANG, T. et al. Factors influencing bioleaching copper from waste printed circuit boards by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Hydrometallurgy, v. 97, n. 1–2, p. 29–32, Jun. 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.12.011
20 BRANDL, H., BOSSHARD, R.; WEGMANN, M. Computer–munching microbes: metal leaching from electronic scrap by bacteria and fungi. Hydrometallurgy, v. 59, n. 2–3, p. 319–326, Feb. 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304– 386X(00)00188–2
21 WANG, J. et al. Bioleaching of metals from printed wire boards by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and their mixture. Journal of Hazardous Materials, v. 172, n. 2–3, p. 1100–1105, Dec. 2009. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.102
22 VOGEL, A.I. Química analítica qualitativa. 5. ed. São Paulo: Mestre Jou, 1981. 23 BARRETT, J. et al. Metal extraction by bacterial oxidation of minerals. New York: Ellis Horwood, 1993.
24 GAYLARDE, C. Bioextraction and biodeterioration of metals. Cambridge: University Press, 1995.
25 BOSECKER, K. Bioleaching: metal solubilization by microorganisms IEMS. Microbiology Reviews, v. 20, n. 3–4, p. 591–604, Jul. 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2011.03.025
26 LEWIS, G. et al. Bio hydrometallurgical recovery of metals from fine shredder residues. Minerals Engineering, v. 24, n. 11, p.1166–1171, Sep. 2011.
27 CHOI, M.–S. et al. Microbial recovery of copper from printed circuit boards of waste computer by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A – Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental, v. 39, n. 11, p. 1–10, Ago. 2004.
28 XIANG, Y. et al. Bioleaching of copper from waste printed circuit boards by bacterial consortium enriched from acid mine drainage. Journal of Hazardous Materials, v. 184, n. 1–3, p. 812–818, Dec. 2010. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.08.113
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