EFEITO DA SOLDAGEM CIRCUNFERENCIAL DE TUBOS API 5L X65MS, X70MS E X80MS NA ZAC E NO METAL DE SOLDA
EFFECT OF GIRTH WELDING AT THE WELD METAL AND HAZ OF API 5L X65MS, X70MS AND X80MS PIPES
Batista, Gilmar Zacca; Carvalho, Leonardo da Paixão; Silva, Marcinei Santos da; Souza, Marcos Ponciano
http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/2176-1523.1008
Tecnol. Metal. Mater. Min., vol.13, n2, p.193-200, 2016
Resumo
Este trabalho analisa a tenacidade e dureza do metal de solda e ZAC da solda circunferencial de tubos API 5L X65, X70 e X80 para serviço ácido. Os tubos de elevada resistência, fabricados para serviço ácido, apresentam grande desafio para a soldagem. Os consumíveis e processos devem ser capazes de produzir uma junta soldada de alta resistência, baixa dureza e elevada tenacidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar problemas de amolecimento ou fragilização da ZAC e verificar se a elevada resistência não prejudica a tenacidade e dureza do metal de solda. A metodologia incluiu a soldagem circunferencial e ensaios de dureza e CTOD. Os resultados mostraram que o metal de solda e a ZAC dos graus X65 e X70, são adequadas para o emprego em dutos terrestres. Observou-se um amolecimento na ZAC dos graus X70 e X80 que, de acordo com a literatura, não é crítico para projetos baseados em tensão. Para o grau X80, o CTOD da ZAC ficou abaixo do valor mínimo desejado, indicando que pode ter ocorrido a formação de zonas frágeis localizadas e resultando na necessidade de estudos complementares para ajustar os parâmetros de soldagem. Os resultados deste estudo servem como base para uma futura aplicação destes materiais em campo.
Palavras-chave
Soldagem circunferencial, X70, X80, Serviço ácido.
Abstract
This paper analyses the HAZ and weld metal toughness and hardness of sour service API 5L X65, X70 and X80 girth welds. The high strength steel pipes produced for sour service introduce a big challenge for welding. The process and consumables applied should be able to produce a high strength, high toughness and low hardness welded joint. The purpose of this study was identify HAZ softening and embrittlement and whether the high strength does not affect the weld metal hardness and toughness. The methodology includes pipe girth welding, CTOD and hardness tests. Results showed that HAZ and weld metal of grade X65 and grade X70 pipes are suitable for pipelines. The X70 and X80 HAZ presented softening that, according to the literature, is not a critical point for stress based design. The X80 HAZ presented CTOD below the desired value. It indicates that local brittles zones could be present and new tests should be done in order to define better welding parameters.
Keywords
Girth welding, X70, X80, Sour service.
Referências
1 American Petroleum Institute – API. API 5L: specification for line pipe. 45th ed. Washington: API; 2012.
2 Kalwa C, Hillenbrand HG. Europipe’s experience and developments on pipe material for sour service applications. In: Proceedings of the Microalloyed Steels for Sour Service International Seminar; 2012; São Paulo, Brasil. Araxá: CBMM; 2012.
3 Ishikawa N, Endo S, Muraoka R, Kakihara S, Kondo J. Material design of high strength/heavy gauge linepipes for sour service. In: Proceedings of the Microalloyed Steels for Sour Service International Seminar; 2012; São Paulo, Brasil. Araxá: CBMM; 2012.
4 Stallybrass C, Haase T, Konrad J, Bosch C, Kulgemeyer A. Alloy design for UOE linepipe material for standard and non-standard HIC conditions. In: Proceedings of the Microalloyed Steels for Sour Service International Seminar; 2012; São Paulo, Brasil. Araxá: CBMM; 2012.
5 Nieto J, Elías T, López G, Campos G, López F, De AK. rocess and quality controls for production of linepipe slabs for sour service applications at ArcelorMittal Lazaro Cardenas. In: Proceedings of the Microalloyed Steels for Sour Service International Seminar; 2012; São Paulo, Brasil. Araxá: CBMM; 2012.
6 Denys RM, Lefevre T. Effects of welding on HAZ softening of X70/X80 TMCP linepipe steels. Virgínia: Pipeline Research Council International; 2000.
7 Chen Y, Wang YY. Microstructure modeling of HAZ softening in microalloyed high strength linepipe steels. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference; 2007; Lisbon, Portugal. Golden: International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers; 2007.
8 Duan D, Lazor R, Taylor D. evaluation of double jointing girth welds of high grade line pipes. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Pipeline Conference; 2010; Calgary, Alberta, Canada. USA: ASME; 2010.
9 Peppler E, Hillenbrand H G, Kalwa C, Liessem A. Suitable HAZ testing to predict linepipe safety. In: Proceedings of the Pipeline Technology Conference; 2009; Ostend, Belgium. 2009.
10 Terada Y, Kiyose A, Doi V, Morimoto H, Kojima A, Nakashima T, et al. High strength linepipes with excellent HAZ toughness. Japan: NSSMC; 2004. Nippon Steel Technical Report no. 90.
11 Yu X, Babu SS, Brust FW. A generalized microstructure model for microalloyed high strength pipeline weldments. In: Proceedings of the Pipeline Technology Conference; 2009; Ostend, Belgium. Germany: EITEP; 2009.
12 The American Society of Mechanical Engineers – ASME. ASME B31.8: gas transmission and distribution piping systems. USA: ASME; 2010.
13 British Standards Institution – BSI. BS 7448: fracture mechanics toughness tests. London: BSI; 1991.
14 International Organization for Standardization – ISO. ISO 15156-2: petroleum and natural gas industries - materials for use in H2 S-containing environments in oil and gas production. Part 2: cracking resistant carbon and low-alloy steels, and the use of cast irons. 2nd ed. Genebra: ISO; 2009.
15 Hopkins P, Denys R. The european pipeline research group’s guidelines on acceptable girth weld defects in transmission pipelines. In: Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on Line Pipe Research; 1993; Houston, Texas. Washington: American Gas Association; 1993.
16 Felber S. Pipeline engineering. Ohio: Welding Research Council; 2009.
17 Procario JR, Melfi T. Weld metal alloy systems for seam welding of niobium micro-alloyed pipe steels. In: Proceedings of the International Seminar on Welding High Strength Pipeline Steels; 2011; Araxá.
18 The James F. Lincoln Arc Welding Foundation – JFLF. The procedure handbook of arc welding. 14th ed. Ohio: JFLF; 2000.
19 Barnes AM. The effect of thermomechanically controlled processing of steels on heat affected zone properties. Ohio: Welding Institute; 1995.
20 Barnes AM. Local brittle zones in C-Mn steel multipass weld. Welding Research Council; 1990. Ohio: Welding Institute Bulletin.
21 American Petroleum Institute – API. API RP 2Z: recommended practice for preproduction qualification for steel plates for offshore structures: API recommended practice 2Z. 4th ed. Washington: API; 2005.
2 Kalwa C, Hillenbrand HG. Europipe’s experience and developments on pipe material for sour service applications. In: Proceedings of the Microalloyed Steels for Sour Service International Seminar; 2012; São Paulo, Brasil. Araxá: CBMM; 2012.
3 Ishikawa N, Endo S, Muraoka R, Kakihara S, Kondo J. Material design of high strength/heavy gauge linepipes for sour service. In: Proceedings of the Microalloyed Steels for Sour Service International Seminar; 2012; São Paulo, Brasil. Araxá: CBMM; 2012.
4 Stallybrass C, Haase T, Konrad J, Bosch C, Kulgemeyer A. Alloy design for UOE linepipe material for standard and non-standard HIC conditions. In: Proceedings of the Microalloyed Steels for Sour Service International Seminar; 2012; São Paulo, Brasil. Araxá: CBMM; 2012.
5 Nieto J, Elías T, López G, Campos G, López F, De AK. rocess and quality controls for production of linepipe slabs for sour service applications at ArcelorMittal Lazaro Cardenas. In: Proceedings of the Microalloyed Steels for Sour Service International Seminar; 2012; São Paulo, Brasil. Araxá: CBMM; 2012.
6 Denys RM, Lefevre T. Effects of welding on HAZ softening of X70/X80 TMCP linepipe steels. Virgínia: Pipeline Research Council International; 2000.
7 Chen Y, Wang YY. Microstructure modeling of HAZ softening in microalloyed high strength linepipe steels. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference; 2007; Lisbon, Portugal. Golden: International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers; 2007.
8 Duan D, Lazor R, Taylor D. evaluation of double jointing girth welds of high grade line pipes. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Pipeline Conference; 2010; Calgary, Alberta, Canada. USA: ASME; 2010.
9 Peppler E, Hillenbrand H G, Kalwa C, Liessem A. Suitable HAZ testing to predict linepipe safety. In: Proceedings of the Pipeline Technology Conference; 2009; Ostend, Belgium. 2009.
10 Terada Y, Kiyose A, Doi V, Morimoto H, Kojima A, Nakashima T, et al. High strength linepipes with excellent HAZ toughness. Japan: NSSMC; 2004. Nippon Steel Technical Report no. 90.
11 Yu X, Babu SS, Brust FW. A generalized microstructure model for microalloyed high strength pipeline weldments. In: Proceedings of the Pipeline Technology Conference; 2009; Ostend, Belgium. Germany: EITEP; 2009.
12 The American Society of Mechanical Engineers – ASME. ASME B31.8: gas transmission and distribution piping systems. USA: ASME; 2010.
13 British Standards Institution – BSI. BS 7448: fracture mechanics toughness tests. London: BSI; 1991.
14 International Organization for Standardization – ISO. ISO 15156-2: petroleum and natural gas industries - materials for use in H2 S-containing environments in oil and gas production. Part 2: cracking resistant carbon and low-alloy steels, and the use of cast irons. 2nd ed. Genebra: ISO; 2009.
15 Hopkins P, Denys R. The european pipeline research group’s guidelines on acceptable girth weld defects in transmission pipelines. In: Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on Line Pipe Research; 1993; Houston, Texas. Washington: American Gas Association; 1993.
16 Felber S. Pipeline engineering. Ohio: Welding Research Council; 2009.
17 Procario JR, Melfi T. Weld metal alloy systems for seam welding of niobium micro-alloyed pipe steels. In: Proceedings of the International Seminar on Welding High Strength Pipeline Steels; 2011; Araxá.
18 The James F. Lincoln Arc Welding Foundation – JFLF. The procedure handbook of arc welding. 14th ed. Ohio: JFLF; 2000.
19 Barnes AM. The effect of thermomechanically controlled processing of steels on heat affected zone properties. Ohio: Welding Institute; 1995.
20 Barnes AM. Local brittle zones in C-Mn steel multipass weld. Welding Research Council; 1990. Ohio: Welding Institute Bulletin.
21 American Petroleum Institute – API. API RP 2Z: recommended practice for preproduction qualification for steel plates for offshore structures: API recommended practice 2Z. 4th ed. Washington: API; 2005.
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email