Caracterização tecnológica de catalisadores automotivos desativados visando o aproveitamento de Pt, Pd e Rh
Technological characterization of automotive catalysts disabled for Pt, Pd, and Rh recovery
Renan Teixeira Baia, Kleber Bittencourt Oliveira, Emanuel Negrão Macêdo, Jéssica Alves da Silva
Resumo
A utilização de catalisadores automotivos vem aumentando nas últimas décadas. Com as rigorosas legislações de controle de emissões de gases poluentes, o número de catalisadores que são descartados também cresce, gerando enorme volume de resíduos, que podem ser uma fonte para a mineração urbana. O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar catalisadores automotivos desativados, em termos da composição mineralógica, estrutural e elementar, quantitativa e qualitativamente. As análises foram realizadas em granulometria por difração à laser, difratômetro de raios X (DRX), microscópio eletrônico de varredura com espectroscopia por dispersão de energia de raios X (MEV/EDS), espectroscopia Raman e espectrometria de emissão óptica em plasma com acoplamento indutivo (ICP-OES). O catalisador automotivo estudado apresentou fissuras e contaminantes como P, Ca, F, C e S, acentuando o processo de desativação. A maior composição identificada foi de cordierita, correspondendo 40,17%. Os metais catalíticos do grupo platina identificados no catalisador automotivo foram, Pd (0,92%), Pt (0,03%) e Rh (0,17%).
Palavras-chave
Abstract
The use of automotive catalysts has been increasing in recent decades. With the strict regulations governing the emission of polluting gases, the number of catalysts that are discarded also grows, generating enormous volume of waste, which can be a source for urban mining. The objective of this work is to characterize deactivated automotive catalysts in terms of mineralogical, structural and elemental composition, quantitatively and qualitatively. The analyzes were performed in granulometry by laser diffraction, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope with X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy (SEM / EDS), Raman spectroscopy and inductive coupling plasma optical spectrometry (ICP-OES). The studied automotive catalyst presented cracks and contaminants such as P, Ca, F, C and S, accentuating the deactivation process. The largest composition identified was cordierite, corresponding to 40.17%. The catalysts of the platinum group identified in the automotive catalyst were, Pd (0.92%), Pt (0.03%) and Rh (0.17%).
Keywords
References
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Submitted date:
02/13/2019
Accepted date:
02/15/2020
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