The effect of cold working and solution heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical behavior of Ti35Nb2.5Sn alloy
Silvando Vieira dos Santos, Gustavo Dória Lima, Brenno Lima Nascimento, Lucas Silva Fontes, Sandro Griza
Abstract
Recently, β Ti alloys have been extensively studied, due to their advantageous properties. β titanium alloys can exhibit lower elastic modulus and may be produced by elements that do not exhibit cytotoxicity, such as niobium, molybdenum and zirconium. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between cold working and solution heat treatment regarding to the microstructure and hardness of the Ti35Nb2.5Sn alloy. The alloy was arc melted in inert atmosphere and the ingots were hot rolled with 40% reduction. Axial compression samples were then cold worked with 40%, 70%, 80% and 90%. After the cold working, the samples were then divided into two groups. In half of them, solution and quenching treatment was performed. Microstructural characterization was achieved by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Vickers microhardness tests were also evaluated. The microstructural characterization confirmed the presence of β, α” and ω phases. Cold working above 70% reduction provides the increase of microhardness, which can be attributed to the grain refinement and others microstructural features, as the amount of strain induced α”, the amount of the ω phase - when it is present, and also by the dislocation density.
Keywords
Referências
1 Guo S, Meng QK, Cheng XN, Zhao XQ. Deformation behavior of metastable β-type Ti-25Nb-2Mo-4Sn alloy for biomedical applications. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 2014;38:26-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.06.006.
2 Hou YP, Guo S, Qiao XL, Tian T, Meng KQ, Cheng XN, et al. Origin of ultralow young’s modulus in a metastable β-type Ti-33Nb-4Sn alloy. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 2016;59:220-225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.12.037.
3 Nazari KA, Nouri A, Hilditch T. Mechanical properties and microstructure of powder metallurgy Ti-xNb-yMo alloys for implant materials. Materials & Design. 2015;88:1164-1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.09.106.
4 Zhentao Y, Lian Z. Influence of martensitic transformation on mechanical compatibility of biomedical β type titanium alloy TLM. Materials Science and Engineering A. 2006;438-440:391-394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.12.079.
5 Griza S, Souza Sá DHG, Batista WW, De Blas JCG, Pereira LC. Microstructure and mechanical properties of hot rolled TiNbSn alloys. Materials & Design. 2014;56:200-208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.10.067.
6 Azevedo TF, Andrade CEC, Santos SV, Silva AS, Griza S. Fatigue and corrosion-fatigue strength of hot rolled Ti35Nb2.5Sn alloy. Materials & Design. 2015;85:607-612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.07.045.
7 Guo Q, Zhan Y, Mo H, Zhang G. Aging response of the Ti-Nb system biomaterials with β-stabilizing elements. Materials & Design. 2010;31(10):4842-4846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.05.047.
8 Hanada S, Masahashi N, Jung TK, Yamada N, Yamako G, Itoi E. Fabrication of a high-performance hip prosthetic stem using β Ti-33.6Nb 4Sn. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 2014;30:140-149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.11.002.
9 Matsumoto H, Watanabe S, Hanada S. Microstructures and mechanical properties of metastable TiNbSn alloys cold rolled and heat treated. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2007;439(1-2):146-155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.08.267.
10 Hanada S, Masahashi N, Jung TK, Miyake M, Sato YS, Kokawa H. Effect of swaging on Young’s modulus of β Ti-33.6Nb-4Sn alloy. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 2014;32:310-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.10.027.
11 Azevedo TF, Lima TN, Blas JG, Pereira LC. The mechanical behavior of TiNbSn alloys according to alloying contents, cold rolling and aging. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 2017;75:33-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.07.002.
12 Ozaki T, Matsumoto H, Watanabe S, Hanada S. Beta Ti alloys with low Young’s Modulus. Materials Transactions. 2004;45(8):2776-2779. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.45.2776.
13 ASTM International. ASTM 384-11: standard test method for knoop and vickers hardness of materials. West Conshohocken: ASTM; 2011.
14 Sá DHG. Caracterização metalúrgica e mecânica de ligas de Ti-Nb-Sn laminadas a quente para uso biomédico [thesis]. São Cristovão: P2CEM, Universidade Federal de Sergipe; 2013.
15 Hanada S, Yoshio T, Izumi O. Effect of plastic deformation modes on tensile properties of beta titanium alloys. Transactions of the Japan Institute of Metals. 1986;27(7):496-503. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans1960.27.496.
16 Ishiyama S, Hanada S, Izumi O. Effect of Zr, Sn and Al additions of deformation mode and beta phase-stability of metastable beta Ti alloy. ISIJ International. 1991;31(8):807-813. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.31.807.
17 Ungár T. Microstructural parameters from X-ray diffraction peak broadening. Scripta Materialia. 2004;51(8):777-781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.05.007.
18 Ceglias RB, Alves JM, Botelho RA, Baeta ES Jr, Santos IC, Moraes NRDC, et al. Residual stress evaluation by x-ray diffraction and hole-drilling in an API 5L X70 steel pipe bent by hot induction. Materials Research. 2016;19(5):1176-1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2016-0012.
Submetido em:
14/08/2020
Aceito em:
11/11/2020
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email