Caracterização microestrutural e do desempenho em desgaste de pontas de perfuração de tubos de aço sem costura submetidas a tratamento térmico de oxidação superficial
Microstructural and wear resistance characterization of superficial oxidized piercing plugs applied to the rolling of seamless steel pipes
Lucas Morais de Menezes; Ian Cesar Rocha Vieira Ribeiro; José Márcio da Rocha; Geraldo Lúcio de Faria
Resumo
Tubos de aço sem costura são usualmente empregados na extração e transporte de óleo e gás. Sua fabricação envolve custos relativamente elevados, sendo um dos principais relativo às ferramentas utilizadas no processo de laminação, como por exemplo, as pontas de perfuração. Além da forte influência sobre o custo, a resistência mecânica e ao desgaste dessas ferramentas é essencial para garantir a qualidade do tubo fabricado. As pontas de perfuração são fabricadas em aço-ferramenta e passam por um tratamento térmico de oxidação em altas temperaturas, anterior ao uso na laminação, para garantir o seu bom desempenho em temperaturas elevadas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a caracterização microestrutural da camada de óxidos formada em pontas de perfuração e avaliar o seu desempenho em desgaste. Para este fim, técnicas como microscopia óptica confocal, eletrônica, difração por raios-X, difração de elétrons retroespalhados e ensaios tribológicos para medição de taxas de desgaste foram empregadas em amostras submetida a duas diferentes rotas: i) ciclo único e ii) ciclo duplo de oxidação. Por meio dos ensaios realizados, concluiu-se que um eficaz tratamento térmico em ciclo duplo gera uma camada de óxidos com baixo nível de porosidade, adequada espessura, baixa fração volumétrica de hematita, com predominância de wustita e magnetita. A combinação destas características proporcionou baixas taxas de desgaste; 205% menor do que o verificado para a aplicação de um ciclo único. Conclui-se que a aplicação de um ciclo duplo bem planejado propicia uma condição melhorada para o desempenho em desgaste e, consequentemente, para o aumento da vida útil da ferramenta.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Seamless steel pipes are primarily used to extract and transport oil and gas. One of the main cost drivers in its production process is related to the tooling used in the process, like the piercing plugs. Besides the impact on cost, the mechanical and wear resistance of those plugs is essential to ensure a good quality of the pipes being produced. The piercing plugs are manufactured using steel designed for tooling and usually pass through an oxidation heat treatment at high temperatures before being used in the rolling process to ensure appropriate tribological properties. This work aimed to characterize the evolution of the oxides layers formed on the oxidation heat treatment of piercing plugs and its wear performance. With this purpose, the oxides layers were analyzed by confocal optical microscopy, scanning electric microscopy, X-ray and backscattered electron diffraction in samples submitted to two heat treatment routes: i) Single cycle and ii) Double cycle. Besides these tests, tribological analyses were also carried out to measure wear rates. Based on the obtained results, this paper concluded that an effective double cycle oxidation heat treatment provides an oxide layer with low porosity, appropriate thickness, reduced hematite fraction and mainly formed by wustite and magnetite that provided lower wear rate; 205% lower than the measured for the single cycle. It was concluded that the use of the double cycle oxidation improve the component wear behavior and, consequently contributes to the increase of tool service-life.
Keywords
References
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Submitted date:
09/04/2023
Accepted date:
04/21/2024
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