Chemical analysis of LED bulb components: strategies for efficient recycling
Análise química de componentes de Lâmpadas LED: estratégias para reciclagem eficiente
Sandra Lúcia de Moraes; Dafne Pereira da Silva; Catia Fredericci; Francisco Junior Batista Pedrosa; Maciel Santos Luz; Elaine Menegon Chermont; Carlos Alberto Pachelli
Abstract
Although there are several types of LED lamps on the market, the bulb type is one of the most sold in Brazil. A LED lighting system comprises some components such as base, heat sink, driver, and electronic board that contains the LED packages and a reflector. Each of these, made up of specific materials, involves polymers, metals, and ceramics. With the growth in the use of LED lamps in various sectors (industrial, commercial, and residential) there are several movements towards recycling them. However, it is necessary to know the materials most used in the LED lamp system to create recycling strategies for all components. In this context, the current study aimed to chemically characterize most of the components of bulb-type LED lamps by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), in addition to X-ray fluorescence (FRX) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The presence of strategic metals such as Ce and Y (rare earths), Si, In and Ga used in semiconductor components could be detected, as well as Cu, whose demand has doubled the price of this metal in recent years. No less important, the presence of Na, Mg, Al, Fe, Ni and Zn was also determined. Recycling these metals, from LED lamps, can reintegrate them into their productive chains.
Keywords
Resumo
Embora existam vários tipos de lâmpadas LED no mercado, a do tipo bulbo é uma das mais vendidas no Brasil. Um sistema de iluminação LED é composto por alguns componentes, tais como: base, dissipador de calor, driver e placa eletrônica que contém os pacotes de LED e um refletor. Cada um desses componentes, formados por materiais específicos, envolve polímeros, metais e cerâmicas. Com o crescimento do uso de lâmpadas desse tipo em diversos setores (industrial, comercial e residencial), existem vários movimentos no sentido de reciclá-las. No entanto, é necessário conhecer os materiais mais utilizados no sistema dessas lâmpadas para criar estratégias de reciclagem de todos os componentes. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar quimicamente a maioria dos componentes de lâmpadas LED, do tipo bulbo, por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) acoplada à espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS), além de fluorescência de raios X (FRX) e espectroscopia Raman. Pôde ser detectada a presença de metais estratégicos como Ce e Y (terras raras), Si, In e Ga utilizados em componentes semicondutores, assim como Cu cuja demanda dobrou o preço desse metal nos últimos anos. Não menos importante, também foi determinada a presença de Na, Mg, Al, Fe, Ni e Zn. A reciclagem desses metais, a partir das lâmpadas LED, podem reintegra-los em suas cadeias produtivas.
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Referências
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Submetido em:
01/12/2023
Aceito em:
22/05/2024
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