Metodologias de caracterização por EBSD utilizadas para cálculo de mecanismos de endurecimento e otimização de processamento termomecânico controlado – uma revisão
EBSD characterization methods to calculate hardening mechanisms and optimize thermomechanical control processing – a review
Geraldo Lúcio de Faria; Rodrigo Rangel Porcaro; Leonardo Barbosa Godefroid; Luiz Cláudio Cândido; Ricardo José de Faria
Resumo
A técnica de difração de elétrons retroespalhados (EBSD) tem se consolidado como uma ferramenta essencial para a caracterização microestrutural de aços de alta resistência mecânica processados por laminação termomecânica controlada. Este artigo de revisão discute metodologias baseadas na utilização desta técnica para a predição e quantificação de mecanismos de endurecimento, incluindo solução sólida (modelo matemático), refino de grão, densidade de discordâncias e precipitação. A literatura mostra que as análises por EBSD permitem estimar com boa precisão a influência da composição quÃmica e dos parâmetros de processamento sobre a evolução microestrutural e as propriedades mecânicas. Além disso, as equações reportadas na literatura possibilitam estimar a contribuição individual de cada mecanismo de endurecimento, fornecendo uma abordagem mais detalhada para otimização de processos industriais. A compreensão dessas interações é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de aços avançados, permitindo ajustar rotas de processamento e composições quÃmicas para atender a requisitos especÃficos de desempenho. Conclui-se que a técnica de EBSD tem desempenhado um papel importante no planejamento de processamento termomecânico controlado de aços, com foco sobre a evolução microestrutural e de propriedades mecânicas, se tornando ferramenta indispensável para o avanço da metalurgia dos aços de alta resistência mecânica.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) has become an essential tool for the microstructural characterization of highstrength steels processed through thermomechanical controlled rolling. This review paper discusses EBSD-based methodologies for predicting and quantifying hardening mechanisms, including solid solution strengthening (mathematical modeling approach), grain refinement, dislocation density, and precipitation. The literature indicates that EBSD analyses provide reliable estimations of the effects of chemical composition and processing parameters on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties. Additionally, reported equations enable the individual quantification of each strengthening mechanism, offering a more detailed approach for optimizing industrial processes. Understanding these interactions is crucial for the development of advanced steels, allowing for the adjustment of processing routes and chemical compositions to meet specific performance requirements. It is concluded that EBSD plays a key role in the design of thermomechanical processing strategies, focusing on microstructural evolution and mechanical property optimization, making it an indispensable tool for advancing the metallurgy of high-strength steels.
Keywords
References
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Submitted date:
02/28/2025
Accepted date:
04/11/2025
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