Comportamento tribológico dos materiais SAE 1045 x DIN GG20 em contato côncavo-convexo presentes em máquinas ferramenta
Tribological behavior of SAE 1045 x DIN GG20 materials in concave-convex contact in machine tools
Níkolas Andrei Furlan Canabarro; Victor Velho de Castro; Felipe Ariel Furlan Canabarro; Evandro Benincá; Bruno Bueno; Fabiana Lopes da Silva; Célia de Fraga Malfatti
Resumo
A resposta ao desgaste dos materiais é amplamente influenciada pela natureza específica de seus microconstituintes e pela predominância de um conjunto de parâmetros interconectados ao sistema em que é empregado. Para caracterizar o comportamento tribológico do aço SAE 1045 e do Ferro Fundido DIN GG20, foram realizados testes de desgaste à seco em um tribômetro na configuração bucha-pino, único existente no Brasil, o qual foi desenvolvido para analisar superfícies em contato similares à contraponto (contato côncavo-convexo) de máquinas ferramenta. As características de desgaste foram então determinadas com base em múltiplos fatores, como dureza, microestrutura, rugosidade, aparência das superfícies desgastadas, perda de massa decorrente do processo de desgaste, e coeficiente de desgaste. As diferenças microestruturais e de dureza levaram a uma menor perda de massa no pino, fabricado em aço SAE 1045 em comparação à bucha, fabricada em ferro fundido DIN GG20. Após a realização dos ensaios foram encontrados indicativos da ocorrência dos mecanismos de adesão, fadiga superficial e em especial de abrasão, o que levou ao polimento das superfícies das amostras do pino e da bucha.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
The wear response of materials is largely influenced by the specific nature of their microconstituents and the predominance of interconnected parameters within the system in which they are employed. To characterize the tribological behavior of the material pair steel SAE 1045 and cast-iron DIN GG20, dry wear tests were conducted using a pin-on-bushing tribometer, the only one of its kind in Brazil, which was developed to analyze contact surfaces similar to the tailstock (concave-convex contact) found in machine tools. The wear characteristics were then determined based on multiple factors, such as hardness, microstructure, roughness, appearance of worn surfaces, mass loss due to the wear process, and the wear coefficient. Microstructural and hardness differences resulted in lower mass loss in the pin and higher mass loss in the bushing compared to other tested pairs. Greater wear was observed in DIN GG20 bushings than in SAE 1045 pins. After the tests, evidence of adhesion, surface fatigue, and especially abrasion mechanisms were found, which led to polishing the sample surfaces of both the pin and the bushing.
Keywords
Referências
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Submetido em:
22/10/2024
Aceito em:
16/01/2025
