ESTUDO DA INFLUÊNCIA DOS PARÂMETROS DE PROCESSO NA MICROESTRUTURA DA ZONA TERMO-MECANICAMENTE AFETADA NA SOLDAGEM POR ATRITO COM PINO CONSUMÍVEL EM AÇOS C-Mn
STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF PROCESS PARAMETERS ON THE THERMOMECHANICALLY AFFECTED ZONE MICROSTRUCTURE IN C-Mn STEEL HYDRO-PILLAR FRICTION PROCESS WELDING
Unfried, Jimy; Hermenegildo, Tahiana Francisca; Paes, Marcelo Torres P.; Pope, Alexander Meirelles; Ramirez, Antonio Jose
http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/tmm.00602002
Tecnol. Metal. Mater. Min., vol.6, n2, p.73-79, 2009
Resumo
Neste trabalho é estudada a influência dos parâmetros de processo força axial (FA) e temperatura de preaquecimento (TP) na microestrutura da zona termomecanicamente afetada (ZTMA) na soldagem por atrito com pino consumível de aços C-Mn. Amostras soldadas com quatro níveis de força axial, e com e sem aplicação de preaquecimento, foram obtidas. Foi realizada caracterização pelas técnicas de microscopias óptica (MO), eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e eletrônica de transmissão (MET), complementadas com a medição de microdureza. Uma aproximação das transformações que acontecem na ZTMA durante o processo de soldagem foi feita utilizando diagramas de fases em equilíbrio (Método Calphad) e curvas CCT. Os resultados mostram que a dureza, a fração de martensita e a presença do constituinte A-M aumentam com o aumento da força axial. O valor da microdureza diminui com a aplicação de preaquecimento ao se compararem amostras com o mesmo nível de força axial. Finalmente, o tamanho da zona termomecanicamente afetada diminui com o aumento da força axial.
Palavras-chave
Soldagem por atrito, Aço carbono-manganês, Método Calphad
Abstract
The influence of process parameters, axial force (AF) and preheat temperature (PHT) on thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) microstructure of Friction Hydro-Pillar Process (FHPP) welded joints of C-Mn steels are studied. Several samples were welded with four axial force levels, with and without application of preheating. Microstructure characterization was carried out using light optical (MO), scanning electron (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques, complemented with microhardness measurements. Microstructural evolution at the TMAZ was modeled using Calphad equilibrium calculations and calculated CCT diagrams. The results obtained shown that martensite and A-M constituent fraction in the TMAZ increase as AF increase. The use of preheating during process results in lower cooling rates and reduction of TMAZ microhardness. The TMAZ size decreases when the AF was increased.
Keywords
Friction welding, C-Mn steels, Calphad method
Referências
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8 UNFRIED, J.; HERMENEGILDO, T. F.; RAMIREZ, A. J. Influência dos parâmetros de processo na zona termomecanicamente afetada (ZTMA) na soldagem por atrito com pino consumível em aços C-Mn. Campinas: Petrobras, 2008. (Relatório interno LNLS – Petrobras, 3).
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11 LEE, J. L.; WANG, S. C.; CHENG, G. H. Transformation processes and products for C-Mn steels during continuous cooling. Materials Science and Technology, v. 5, n. 7, p. 674-81, July 1989.
12 BTIMOKHINA, L.; HODGSON, P. D.; PERELOMA, E. V. Effect of microstructure on the stability of retained austenite in transformation-induced-plasticity. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, v. 35, n. 8, p. 2331-41, Aug. 2004
13 OZEKCIN, A.; JIN, H. W.; KOO, J. Y.; BANGARU, N. V.; AYER, R.; VAUGHN, G. STEEL, R.; PACKER, S. A microstructural study of friction stir welding joints of carbon steels. International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, v. 14, n. 4, p. 284-8, Dec. 2004.
14 CUI, L.; FUJII, H.; TSUJI, N.; NOGI, K. Friction stir welding of a high carbon steel. Scripta Materialia, v. 56, n. 7, p. 637-40, Apr. 2007.
15 FUJII, H.; CUI, L.; TSUJI, N.; MAEDA, M.; NAKATA, K.; NOGI, K. Friction Stir welding of carbon steels. Materials Science Engineering A, v. 429, n. 1-2, p. 50-7, Apr. 2006.
16 ANDERSSON, J. O.; HELANDER, T.; HÖGLUND, L.; SHI, P.; SUNDMAN, B.O. Thermo-calc and Dictra: computational tools for materials science. Calphad, v. 26, n. 2, p. 273-312, June 2002.
17 PETROV, R.; KENSTENS, L.; HOUBERT, Y. Characterization of the microstructure and transformation behaviour of strained and nonstrained austenite in Nb-V-alloyed C-Mn steel. Materials Characterization, v. 53, n. 1, p. 51-61, Sep.
2004. 18 LIS, J.; LIS, A. K.; KOLAN, C. Processing and properties of C-Mn steel with dual-phase microstructure. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, v. 162-3, n. 15, p. 350-4, May 2005.
19 BYUN, J. S.; SHIM, J. H.; CHO, Y. W. Influence of Mn on microstructural evolution in Ti-killed C-Mn steel. Scripta Materialia, v. 48, n. 4, p. 449-54, Feb. 2003.
2 NICHOLAS, E. D. Underwater friction welding for electrical coupling of sacrificial anodes. In: OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 16., 1984, Houston, Texas. [S.n.t.]. Paper 4741-MS
3 ANDREWS, R. E.; MITCHELL, J. S. Underwater repair by friction stitch welding. Metals and Materials, v. 6, n. 12, p. 796-7, Dec. 1990
4 BLAKEMORE, G. R. Applications of state of the art portable friction welding equipment euro-join. In: EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON JOINING TECHNOLOGY, 2., 1984, Florence; Italy. Proceedings… Genova: Istituto italiano della saldatura, 1994. p. 127-36.
5 NICHOLAS, E. D. Friction processing technologies. Welding in the World, v. 47, n. 11-12, p. 2-9, Nov./Dec. 2003.
6 BLAKEMORE, G. R. Friction welding-technology for the new millennium. In: OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 31., 1999, Houston, Texas. [S.n.t.]. Paper 11063-MS
7 UNFRIED, J.; RAMIREZ, A. J. Caracterização microestrutural da soldagem por atrito com pino consumível em aços C-Mn. Campinas: Petrobras, 2007. (Relatório interno LNLS – Petrobras, 1).
8 UNFRIED, J.; HERMENEGILDO, T. F.; RAMIREZ, A. J. Influência dos parâmetros de processo na zona termomecanicamente afetada (ZTMA) na soldagem por atrito com pino consumível em aços C-Mn. Campinas: Petrobras, 2008. (Relatório interno LNLS – Petrobras, 3).
9 SILVA, F.; LOPES, N. I. A.; SANTOS, D. B. Microstructural characterization of the C-Mn multiphase high strength cold rolled steel. Materials Characterization, v. 56, n. 1, p. 3-9, Jan. 2006.
10 KHELSTOV, V. M.; KONOPLEVA, E. V.; MCQUEEN, J. Effects of hot deformation on austenite transformation in low carbon Mo-Nb and C-Mn steels. Materials Science and Technology, v. 14, n. 8, p. 783-92, Aug. 1998.
11 LEE, J. L.; WANG, S. C.; CHENG, G. H. Transformation processes and products for C-Mn steels during continuous cooling. Materials Science and Technology, v. 5, n. 7, p. 674-81, July 1989.
12 BTIMOKHINA, L.; HODGSON, P. D.; PERELOMA, E. V. Effect of microstructure on the stability of retained austenite in transformation-induced-plasticity. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, v. 35, n. 8, p. 2331-41, Aug. 2004
13 OZEKCIN, A.; JIN, H. W.; KOO, J. Y.; BANGARU, N. V.; AYER, R.; VAUGHN, G. STEEL, R.; PACKER, S. A microstructural study of friction stir welding joints of carbon steels. International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, v. 14, n. 4, p. 284-8, Dec. 2004.
14 CUI, L.; FUJII, H.; TSUJI, N.; NOGI, K. Friction stir welding of a high carbon steel. Scripta Materialia, v. 56, n. 7, p. 637-40, Apr. 2007.
15 FUJII, H.; CUI, L.; TSUJI, N.; MAEDA, M.; NAKATA, K.; NOGI, K. Friction Stir welding of carbon steels. Materials Science Engineering A, v. 429, n. 1-2, p. 50-7, Apr. 2006.
16 ANDERSSON, J. O.; HELANDER, T.; HÖGLUND, L.; SHI, P.; SUNDMAN, B.O. Thermo-calc and Dictra: computational tools for materials science. Calphad, v. 26, n. 2, p. 273-312, June 2002.
17 PETROV, R.; KENSTENS, L.; HOUBERT, Y. Characterization of the microstructure and transformation behaviour of strained and nonstrained austenite in Nb-V-alloyed C-Mn steel. Materials Characterization, v. 53, n. 1, p. 51-61, Sep.
2004. 18 LIS, J.; LIS, A. K.; KOLAN, C. Processing and properties of C-Mn steel with dual-phase microstructure. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, v. 162-3, n. 15, p. 350-4, May 2005.
19 BYUN, J. S.; SHIM, J. H.; CHO, Y. W. Influence of Mn on microstructural evolution in Ti-killed C-Mn steel. Scripta Materialia, v. 48, n. 4, p. 449-54, Feb. 2003.
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