Deep cryogenic treatment in AISI D2 tool steel punches to enhance tool life
Fabiano Dornelles Ramos, Josué de Oliveira Bairros, Mauro Francisco Castro Moscoso
Abstract
New materials and heat treatment are being developed worldwide to improve tool life. Tool steels are expensive due
to the alloying elements and fabrication costs. Therefore, the maximization of tool life keeping good surface finishing is
especially important to keep the processes attractiveness. The application of cryogenic treatment is promising to enhance
mechanical and metallurgical properties of cold work tool steel parts. The possibility of increasing the finer secondary
carbides content and decreasing amount of retained austenite during deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) is also an important
matter for industry. The aim of this work is to improve tool life by applying DCT in AISI D2 cutting punches and compare
these results with punches treated by conventional heat treatment (CHT), vacuum furnace quenching plus triple tempering.
The tests used for analyses were: metallography, X-ray diffraction, carbides fraction, hardness and number of parts produced
by each punch (practical test). The results indicate that the DCT punches have an enhancement of approximately 50% in
its useful life.
Keywords
References
1 Das D, Ray KK, Dutta AK. Influence of temperature of sub-zero treatments on the wear behaviour of die steel. Wear. 2009;267(9-10):1361-1370.
2 Das D, Sarkar R, Dutta AK, Ray KK. Influence of sub-zero treatments on fracture toughness of AISI D2 steel. Materials Science and Engineering A. 2010;528(2):589-603.
3 Das D, Dutta AK, Ray KK. Sub-zero treatments of AISI D2 steel: Part I. Microstructure and hardness. Materials Science and Engineering A. 2010;527(9):2182-2193.
4 Das D, Dutta AK, Ray KK. Sub-zero treatments of AISI D2 steel: Part II. Wear behavior. Materials Science and Engineering A. 2010;527(9):2194-2206.
5 Moscoso MFC. O efeito da taxa de resfriamento e tratamento criogênico sobre a tenacidade à fratura do aço ferramenta ABNT D2. [Dissertação de mestrado]. Caxias do Sul: IFRS; 2017.
6 Korade N, Ramana KV, Jagtap KR, Dhokeyc NB. Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on tribological behaviour of D2 tool steel - an experimental investigation. Materials Today, Proceedings. 2017;4(8):7665-7673.
7 Sonar T, Lomte S, Gogte C, Balasubramanian V. Minimization of distortion in heat treated AISI D2 tool steel: mechanism and distortion analysis. Procedia Manufacturing. 2018;20:113-118.
8 Donachie SJ, Ansell GS. The effect of quench rate on the properties and morphology of ferrous martensite. Metallurgical Transactions. A, Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science. 1975;6:1863-1875.
9 Kokosza A, Pacyna J. Evaluation of retained austenite stability in heat treated cold work tool steel. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2005;162-163, 327-331.
10 Nanesa HG, Jahazi M, Naraghi R. Martensitic transformation in AISI D2 tool steel during continuous cooling to 173 K. Journal of Materials Science. 2015;50(17):5758-5768.
11 Badeshia H, Honeybombe R. Steels, microstructure and properties. 4th ed. London: Elsevier; 2017.
12 Su YY, Chiu L-H, Chuang TL, Huang C-L, Wu CY, Liao KC. Retained austenite amount determination comparison in JIS SKD11 steel using quantitative metallography and X-ray diffraction methods. Advanced Materials Research. 2012;482-484:1165-1168.
13 Gill SS, Singh J, Singh R, Singh H. Metallurgical principles of cryogenically treated tool steels—a review on the current state of science. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2011;54(1-4):59-82.
14 Torkamani H. Raygan; Rassizadehghani, J. Comparing microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI D2 steel after bright hardening and oil quenching. Materials & Design. 2014;54:1049-1055.
15 Ghasemi-Nanesa H, Jahazi M. Simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility in cryogenically treated AISI D2 tool steel. Materials Science and Engineering A. 2014;598:413-419.
16 Oppenkowski A, Weber S, Theisen W. Evaluation of factors influencing deep cryogenic treatment that affect the properties of tool steels. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2010;210(14):1949-1955.
17 Ghasemi Nanesa H, Jahazi M. Alternative phase transformation path in cryogenically treated AISI D2 tool steel. Materials Science and Engineering A. 2015;634:32-36.
18 ASTM International. ASTM E3: standard guide for preparation of metallographic specimens. West Conshohocken: ASTM International; 2011. p. 1-12.
19 Ghasemi-Nanesa H, Jahazi M. Simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility in cryogenically treated AISI D2 tool steel. Materials Science & Engineering A. 2014;598:413-419.
20 Vahdat SE, Nategh S, Mirdamadi S. Effect of microstructure parameters on tensile toughness of tool steel after deep cryogenic treatment. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing. 2014;15(3):497-502.
21 Vitry V, Nardone S, Breyer J-P, Sinnaeve M, Delaunois F. Microstructure of two centrifugal cast high speed steels for hot strip mills applications. Materials & Design. 2011;34:372-378.
22 Moscoso M, Ramos FD, Cunha PHCP, Lessa CL, Toniolo J, Lemos GVB. Effects of cooling parameter and cryogenic treatment on microstructure and fracture toughness of AISI D2 tool steel. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 2020;1:1.
23 Amini K, Nategh S, Shafyei A. Influence of diferentecryotreatments on tribological behavior of 80CrMo12 5 cold work tool steel. Materials & Design. 2010;31:4666-4675.
24 Amini K, Akhbarizadeh A, Javadpour S. Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the formation of nano-sized carbides and the wear behavior of D2 tool steel. International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials. 2012;19(9):795.
25 Li S, Xiaoa M, Yea G, Zhaoa K, Yang M. Effects of deep cryogenic treatment on microstructural evolution and alloy phases precipitation of a new low carbon martensitic stainless bearing steel during aging. Materials Science and Engineering A. 2018;732:167-177.
Submitted date:
08/14/2020
Accepted date:
12/16/2020
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email