Development of Cr-alloyed high carbon sheet steel – BW AC C77MD – for the manufacture of clutch bearing rings by deep drawing
Fernando Generoso Neiva Ferreira; Eduardo Alves Machado; Fabiano Almir Barbosa; Ivan Augusto Martins; Juliano Braz Possati; Marcelo Urdapilleta Rodrigues; Maurício Franco Bomfim; Odair Kirmse; Sérgio Augusto Barbosa da Silva; Thomas Frank
Abstract
Clutch bearing rings are high-performance parts that require excellent cleanliness and microstructure homogeneity to meet their wear and fatigue requirements. To improve productivity and reduce costs, a modified Cr alloyed steel with high carbon content has been developed by bearing manufacturers in cooperation with steel producers, which is well suited in terms of formability and is widely used in the production of automotive components, where it is purchased in the form of the cold-rolled strip for forming. This work investigated the process parameters and critical characteristics for developing Cr-alloyed sheet steel with high carbon content to produce clutch bearing rings on an industrial scale. Tensile test, hardness test, optical microscopy (OM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the studied steel throughout the process (casting, hot rolling, cold rolling + batch annealing, and heat treatment). The results have shown that it is possible to tune the mechanical properties of highcarbon steel at each stage of the process by using the proper heat and metallurgical treatment targeted at the requirements of the final application.
Keywords
Referências
1 Heisler H. Advanced vehicle technology. 2nd ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2002.
2 ASM International. Metals Handbook. Vol. 1: Properties and Selection: Iron, Steel and High-Performance Alloys. 10th ed. Materials Park: ASM International; 2004.
3 Andersson-Drugge IM, Lund T. Creative Use of Bearing Steels. In: Hoo JJC, editor. A ferritic-pearlitic steel with eutectoid composition. Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials; 1993. p. 171-184.
4 International Organization for Standardization. EN ISO 4957: Tool Steels. Berlin: International Organization for Standardization; 2018.
5 Stickels CA. Carbide refining heat treatments for 52100 bearing steel. Metallurgical Transactions. A, Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science. 1974;5:865-874.
6 Bhadeshia HKDH, Honeycombe RWK. Steels: microstructure and properties. Reino Unido: ButterworthHeinemann; 2017.
7 Stickels CA. Plastic deformation of quenched and tempered 52100 bearing steel in compression. Metallurgical Transactions. A, Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science. 1977;8:63-70.
8 Colpaert H. Metalografia dos produtos siderúrgicos comuns. 4. ed. São Paulo: Edgard Blücher Ltda; 2008.
9 Deutsches Institut fur Norming. DIN EN 10247 – Microscopic examination of special steels using diagrams to assess the content of non-metallic inclusions. Berlin: Deutsches Institut fur Norming; 2007.
10 Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. ABNT NBR ISO 6892-1 – Materiais metálicos — Ensaio de Tração – Parte 1: Método de ensaio à temperatura ambiente. Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas; 2018.
11 Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. ABNT NBR NM ISO 6507-1 – Materiais metálicos – Ensaio de dureza Vickers – Parte 1: Método de ensaio. Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas; 2008.
12 ASM International. ASM Handbook. Vol. 15: Casting. Materials Park: ASM International; 2008.
13 Ferreira FGN, Lopes AS, Stagetti F, Alves GG, Bomfim MF, Anjos RTD, et al. Desenvolvimento de aço alto carbono baixa liga na ArcelorMittal Tubarão e na Waelzholz Brasmetal Laminação para aplicação final em corrente de motosserra. In: Associação Brasileira de Metalurgia, Materiais e Mineração. Anais do 54º Seminário de Laminação e Conformação; 2017; São Paulo, Brazil. São Paulo: Blucher Preceeding; 2017. p. 187-197. [cited 2023 Aug 31]. Available at: http://abmproceedings.com.br/ptbr/article/desenvolvimento-de-aco-alto-carbono-baixa-ligana-arcelormittal-tubarao-e-na-waelzholz-brasmetal-laminacao-para-aplicacao-final-em-corrente-de-motosserra
14 Ferreira FGN, Henriques BR, Machado EA, Barbosa FA, Cajano FF, Possati JB, et al. Development of Cr and V alloyed high carbon sheet steel (BW BL 50CrV4) at ArcelorMittal Tubarão and Waelzholz Brasmetal for diaphragm spring. In: Associação Brasileira de Metalurgia, Materiais e Mineração. Proceedings of the 11th International Rolling Conference; 2019; São Paulo, Brazil. São Paulo: Blucher Preceeding; 2019. p. 156-165. http://dx.doi. org/10.5151/9785-9785-32226.
15 Lopes AS, Bomfim MF, Rodrigues FJS, Alves GG. Desenvolvimento do aço SAE 1070 na ArcelorMittal Tubarão e análise da conformabilidade através da relaminação na Brasmetal Waelzholz. In: Associação Brasileira de Metalurgia, Materiais e Mineração. Proceedings of the 50o Rolling Seminar; 2013; São Paulo, Brazil. São Paulo: Blucher Preceeding; 2013. p. 732-743. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/2594-5297-24060.
16 Ronqueti LA, Favergeon J, Risbet M, Picard M. Study of grain boundary oxidation of high alloyed carbon steels at coiling temperature. In: Anais do Seminário de Laminação e Conformação. Rio de Janeiro: Blucher Preceeding; 2017. p. 283-292. [cited 2023 Aug 31]. Available at: http://abmproceedings.com.br/ptbr/article/study-of-grainboundary-oxidation-of-high-alloyed-carbon-steels-at-coiling-temperature
17 Novikov I. Teoria dos tratamentos térmicos dos metais. Rio de Janeiro: UFR; 1994.
18 Martins IA, Balancin O, Ferreira AF, Ferro DA. Utilização do aço C80U Modificado na confecção de anéis de rolamento através de estampagem profunda. Corte & Conformação de Metais. 2012;89:22-31.
Submetido em:
31/08/2023
Aceito em:
07/06/2024
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email