Synthesis methods in the production of porous metakaolin-based geopolymers
Alexandre Alves Belga Esteves; Afonso Rangel Garcez De Azevedo; Madeleing Taborda Barraza; Markssuel Teixeira Marvila
Abstract
Porous geopolymers are sustainable alternative binders with applications in lightweight structures and thermal or acoustic insulation. Their performance depends on pore distribution and stability, which directly affect mechanical properties. This review examines synthesis methods for producing metakaolin-based porous geopolymers, focusing on porosity formation mechanisms and their impact on microstructure and functional behavior. The methodology involves a critical analysis of recent studies, including raw material characterization and porosity incorporation techniques such as foaming agents, surfactants, and sacrificial templates. Literature results confirm that the synthesis method significantly influences pore structure and connectivity, directly impacting the functional efficiency of porous geopolymers in insulation and environmental applications.
Keywords
Referências
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Submetido em:
31/10/2025
Aceito em:
01/03/2026
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